Bhitarkanika National Park, located in the northeastern part of the Indian state of Odisha, is a unique and biodiverse ecosystem known for its rich mangrove forests, numerous water bodies, and a wide variety of wildlife. It is one of the largest mangrove ecosystems in India and is home to the endangered saltwater crocodile population. The park is a major ecological hotspot and is also recognized as a Ramsar Wetland for its international importance.

Overview

• Location: Located in the Kendrapara district of Odisha, Bhitarkanika is situated along the coast of the Bay of Bengal.
• Area: The park covers an area of approximately 145 square kilometers, with the larger Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary surrounding it.
• Significance: Bhitarkanika is known for its dense mangrove forests, largest population of saltwater crocodiles in India, and a rich variety of bird species, including several migratory birds.

Key Attractions

1. Mangrove Forests:
   • Bhitarkanika is famous for its vast stretches of mangrove forests, which are among the largest in India. These forests provide a crucial habitat for numerous species of birds, reptiles, and marine life.
2. Saltwater Crocodiles:
   • The park is home to India’s largest population of saltwater crocodiles. Some crocodiles in the park are known to grow over 20 feet in length.
   • The park also plays a significant role in crocodile conservation, with a crocodile breeding program that has been highly successful.
3. Birdwatching:
   • Bhitarkanika is a paradise for bird lovers, hosting a wide variety of resident and migratory bird species, such as kingfishers, white-bellied sea eagles, black ibises, herons, and painted storks.
   • Birds Island within the park attracts a large number of migratory birds during the winter months.
4. Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary:
   • The wildlife sanctuary surrounding the national park is home to various species, including spotted deer, wild boar, jackals, and monitor lizards.
   • The sanctuary also includes water bodies like creeks, rivers, and estuaries, providing a unique landscape for wildlife to thrive.
5. Gahirmatha Beach:
   • Just outside the park, Gahirmatha Beach is famous as a nesting ground for Olive Ridley sea turtles. During the nesting season, thousands of these turtles come ashore to lay eggs.
   • The beach is part of the Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary, protecting the turtles and their habitats.
6. Kalibhanjdiha Island:
   • Located near the national park, this is a birdwatcher’s paradise, where you can spot a variety of migratory birds during the winter season.
7. Hukitola Island:
   • Known for its historical significance, Hukitola Island is home to a Victorian-era building built by the British. It was once a trade and port center and now serves as a site of interest for history enthusiasts.

Wildlife of Bhitarkanika

• Reptiles: Apart from saltwater crocodiles, the park is home to Indian pythons, king cobras, and water monitor lizards.
• Birds: A variety of kingfishers, herons, pelicans, storks, and eagles can be found throughout the year.
• Mammals: Animals like spotted deer, wild boars, jackals, and rhesus monkeys inhabit the park’s forests and wetlands.
• Marine Life: Bhitarkanika’s estuaries and rivers are rich in crustaceans, including mud crabs, prawns, and various fish species.

Activities

1. Boat Safaris:
   • Explore the creeks and rivers of Bhitarkanika on boat safaris. These safaris offer a chance to observe saltwater crocodiles, migratory birds, and other wildlife in their natural habitat.
   • The boat ride through the mangrove forests is a serene and unique experience.
2. Birdwatching:
   • Bhitarkanika is one of the best places for birdwatching in India, especially during the winter months when migratory birds arrive. Kalibhanjdiha Island and Birds Island are prime birdwatching spots.
3. Trekking:
   • There are several walking trails through the mangroves and forests where visitors can explore the unique flora and fauna of the park.
4. Crocodile Sighting:
   • One of the most exciting activities in Bhitarkanika is the opportunity to see large saltwater crocodiles sunbathing along the riverbanks or swimming in the water.
5. Turtle Nesting:
   • If you visit during the right season (November to February), a trip to Gahirmatha Beach to witness Olive Ridley turtle nesting is a must.

Climate

• Summer (March to May): Hot and humid, with temperatures ranging from 28°C to 40°C (82°F to 104°F). The humidity can be quite high, making outdoor activities challenging during peak summer.
• Monsoon (June to September): The park receives heavy rainfall, which brings relief from the heat but also makes certain areas difficult to access due to flooding. The greenery is at its peak during the monsoon season.
• Winter (October to February): Winters are the best time to visit Bhitarkanika, with pleasant temperatures ranging from 10°C to 25°C (50°F to 77°F). This is the ideal season for birdwatching, crocodile sightings, and exploring the park comfortably.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Bhitarkanika National Park is during the winter months (October to March), when the weather is cool and migratory birds, including flamingos and storks, flock to the area. The rivers and creeks are also more navigable during this time, allowing for easy boat safaris.

How to Reach Bhitarkanika

1. By Air:
   • The nearest airport is Biju Patnaik International Airport in Bhubaneswar, about 150 km from the park. From there, you can take a taxi or bus to reach Bhitarkanika.
2. By Train:
   • The nearest railway station is Cuttack, located about 130 km from the park. Regular trains connect Cuttack to major cities in India.
3. By Road:
   • Bhitarkanika is accessible by road, and it is well-connected to cities like Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, and Kendrapara. From Bhubaneswar, you can hire a private taxi or take a bus to Kendrapara, the nearest town to Bhitarkanika, followed by a boat ride to reach the core areas of the park.

Accommodations

1. Forest Rest Houses:
   • The Forest Department operates several guesthouses and eco-lodges within the park, such as those at Dangmal and Gupti. These accommodations provide basic but comfortable stays close to nature.
2. Eco-Resorts:
   • There are a few private eco-resorts and lodges located near Bhitarkanika that offer more amenities and guided tours.

Travel Tips

1. Boat Ride Precautions:
   • Since boat safaris are the primary mode of transport inside the park, ensure you wear life jackets and follow the safety instructions provided by the guides.
2. Wildlife Awareness:
   • Do not disturb wildlife, especially crocodiles. Keep a safe distance while observing them in their natural habitat.
3. Monsoon Consideration:
   • During the monsoon season, parts of the park may be inaccessible due to flooding, so it’s better to avoid visiting from June to September.
4. Carry Essentials:
   • Carry sunscreen, insect repellent, and binoculars for a more comfortable experience. If you plan to trek, wear comfortable shoes and lightweight clothing.